The heavy-hydraulics programme has compared excavator circuits on shaft energy for a dozen steps. This step adds the other half, cycle time.
Model. Each valve section is an orifice sized to pass its demanded flow alone. A centre bypass closes as sections open. With both dig actuators open, the supply pressure settles where the 45 L/min pump flow is used up, and the lighter actuator takes more than it was sized for. We ran this over 5,000 random cycles with a neutral drop of 10.9 bar (read from a Danfoss PVG 32 curve) and 1.44 bar (a catalogue valve).
Result. At 10.9 bar the cycle takes a median 6.4% longer (95th percentile 21.6%, which is the cap we set). At 1.44 bar it is worse, because the free bypass leaves little pressure to move the heavy actuator. We predicted a median under 2%, and that was wrong.
Limits. No operator feathering, sections sized alone, a linear bypass closure, and a stall charged at a factor-2 bound, so treat the direction as the finding, not the figure. Load-sensing is 1.0 by construction until a compensator model exists. Code, 3 tests and the log are in research/heavy-hydraulics.